  Oral Ulcers |
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| Oral ulcers are commonly caused by viral infection e.g. herpes, vitamin deficiency, sharp teeth or dentures, diabetes. The drying of oral mucosa know as ‘ Yit Hei’ as in Chinese medical point of view, increases the chance of infection or the oral cavity. Therefore, a balanced diet and oral hygiene are essential to cure and prevent oral ulcers.
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| Sore Throat |
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| Aphthous Ulcer |
The common causes of sore throat are viral infection and mechanical causes e.g. breathing through mouth. In most cases, sore throat can be treated at home but in the following cases, professionals’ advice is necessary:
- If you have a rapid onset together with fever
- If you have difficulty in swallowing or breathing
- If your sore throat lasts for more than a week
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| Acute tonsillitis |
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| Dry throat |
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| It may be due to the side effects of medication, disease e.g. Diabetes, medical treatments such as chemotherapy. Other causes include Nerve damage, dehydration e.g. when having fever. Some kind f operations such as removal of salivary glands also results in mouth. Smoking or chewing tobacco will affect the secretion of saliva and thus causing dry mouth.
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| Lump in throat |
| It presents as a feeling of a mass in throat. These findings are of particular concern in making the diagnosis: Neck pain, Weight loss, pain in swallowing, muscle weakness. If any of these findings present, immediate medical advice is necessary.
Flexible endoscopy examination, CT/MRI scan are standard tests to differentiate different diseases relating to the lump in throat. |
| Difficulty in swallowing |
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| Hypopharyngeal Tumour |
Foreign body ingestion, sore throat with infection and thyroid gland enlargement can be the causes of difficulty in swallowing. However, in other cases where no pain sense is perceived, the symptom may arise from nerves malfunction.
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| Vallecular Cyst |
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| Tongue Pain |
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| Tongue Ulcer |
It is commonly caused by oral infection e.g. fungal infection, oral ulcers, vitamin deficiency and cancer.
Medical advice is strongly recommended if the tongue pain continued for more than 2 weeks with or without ulcers.
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| Tongue Cancer |
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| Disturbance of taste |
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| Oral Candidiasis |
Our tongue can taste only sweet, salty, sour and bitter. Others are complemented by our noses. Therefore, our tastes alter if we have nose block, acute infections relating to throat, heavy smoking. Certain kind of diseases, such as vitamin B12 deficiency also interferes with our tastes.
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| Hoarseness |
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| Normal vocal cords (opened) |
People have hoarseness when their voices become harsh and rough. The general causes are the irritation of, and injury to the vocal cord. Throat infections and overuse of voices are the most common problems that affect the vocal cord.
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| Normal vocal cords (adducted) |
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| Vocal nodules |
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| Vocal polyp |
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| VC oedema |
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| Gap on adduction |
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| Blood sputum |
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| Spitting up blood can be a sign of lung infection, e.g. TB, lung cancer. The blood in sputum can come from nose, throat or the oral cavity. Flexible Laryngoscope is used to rule out the bleeding point.
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